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Scoliosis is a condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, often resembling an “S” or “C” shape when viewed from the back. It can affect any part of the spine but is most commonly seen in the thoracic (mid-back) or lumbar (lower back) regions. The condition can be classified into types, including: • Idiopathic scoliosis: The most common type, with no known cause, often developing during adolescence. • Congenital scoliosis: Caused by abnormal vertebral development before birth. • Neuromuscular scoliosis: Associated with conditions like muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy. Symptoms may include uneven shoulders, a visible curve in the spine, uneven hips, or back pain. Severe cases can affect lung and heart function. Treatment depends on the degree of curvature and may involve observation, bracing, physical therapy, or surgery, such as spinal fusion, to correct or stabilize the curve.
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