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Intervertebral discs are important structures in the human spine, serving as shock absorbers between the vertebrae, the bones of the spine. These discs allow for flexibility and movement while also maintaining the integrity of the spinal column. Structure Each intervertebral disc is composed of two main parts: 1. Nucleus Pulposus: This is the inner, gel-like core of the disc. It is primarily made up of water and collagen fibers, providing the disc with its cushioning properties and allowing it to absorb pressure and shock. 2. Annulus Fibrosus: Surrounding the nucleus pulposus, this is a tough, fibrous ring made of several layers of fibrocartilage. The annulus fibrosus helps to contain the nucleus pulposus and attaches the disc to adjacent vertebrae. Function The primary functions of intervertebral discs include: • Shock Absorption: The discs cushion the spine from the impact of daily activities like walking, running, and lifting. • Facilitating Movement: They allow for flexibility in the spine, enabling movements such as bending, twisting, and stretching. • Spacing and Stability: Discs maintain the proper spacing between vertebrae, which is essential for spinal stability and for the passage of nerves exiting the spinal cord. Location Intervertebral discs are located between adjacent vertebrae throughout the spine, from the cervical (neck) region down to the lumbar (lower back) region. The discs in the cervical and lumbar regions are particularly important because these areas are most mobile and subject to the most stress. Animation @anatomystandard
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